Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 13, Issue 4 , Pages 379-384 , October 2010

BMD Reference Standards Among South Asians in the United States

  • Alexander Melamed

      Affiliations

    • Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Alexander Melamed, MPH, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, KAM 100-B, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
    • ,
  • Eric Vittinghoff

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
    • ,
  • Usha Sriram

      Affiliations

    • Associates in Clinical Endocrinology Education and Research, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Ann V. Schwartz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
    • ,
  • Alka M. Kanaya

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Received 3 March 2010 ,Revised 24 May 2010 ,Accepted 25 May 2010.

References 

  1. NIH Consensus Development Panel . Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis and therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:785–795
  2. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone. 2008;42:467–475
  3. Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM. Clinical use of bone densitometry: a scientific review. JAMA. 2002;288:1889–1897
  4. WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis . Prevention and management of osteoporosis: report of a WHO scientific group. (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 921) Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003;
  5. Høiberg M, Nielsen TL, Wraae K, et al. Population-based reference values for bone mineral density in young men. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18:1507–1514
  6. Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science. 2002;298:2381–2385
  7. United States Census Bureau . S0201. Selected Population Profile in the Unites States. Available at: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=Accessed June 22, 2009
  8. Gupta N. Socio-demographic profile. In: South Asian Public Health Association  editors. A brown paper: the health of South Asians in the United States. Baltimore, MD: SAPHA; 2002;
  9. Indian Genome Variation Consortium . Genetic landscape of the people of India: a canvas for disease gene exploration. J Genet. 2008;87:3–20
  10. Reich D, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, et al. Reconstructing Indian population history. Nature. 2009;491:489–494
  11. Alekel DL, Mortillaro E, Hussain EA, et al. Lifestyle and biologic contributors to proximal femur bone mineral density and hip axis length in two distinct ethnic groups of premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 1999;9:327–338
  12. Alekel DL, Peterson CT, Werner RK, et al. Frame size, ethnicity, lifestyle, and biologic contributors to areal and volumetric lumbar spine bone mineral density in Indian/Pakistani and American Caucasian premenopausal women. J Clin Densitom. 2002;5:175–186
  13. Anburajan M, Rethinasabapathi C, Korath MP, et al. Age-related proximal femur bone mineral loss in South Indian women: a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001;49:442–445
  14. Tandon N, Marwaha RK, Kalra S, et al. Bone mineral parameters in healthy young Indian adults with optimal vitamin D availability. Natl Med J India. 2003;16:298–302
  15. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Shivaprasad C, et al. Peak bone mineral density of physically active healthy Indian men with adequate nutrition and no known current constraints to bone mineralization. J Clin Densitom. 2009;12:314–321
  16. Vaidya SV, Dholakia D, Yadav S. An age- and sex-controlled matched pair analysis of T-scores in ethnic Indians with hip fractures. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2003;11:22–27
  17. Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, et al. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:871–888
  18. Kanaya AM, Wassel C, Stewart A, et al. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in South Asian Indians in the United States: findings from the MASALA and MESA studies. Metab Syn Relat Dis. 2010;8:157–164
  19. Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, et al. Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int. 1998;12:1761–1768
  20. Makker A, Mishra G, Singh BP, et al. Normative bone mineral density data at multiple skeletal sites in Indian subjects. Arch Osteoporos. 2007;3:25–37
  21. Faulkner KG, Robert LA, McClung MR. Discrepancies in normative data between Lunar and Hologic DXA systems. Osteoporos Int. 1996;6:432–436
  22. Hanson J. Letter to the editor: standardization of Femur BMD. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:1316–1317
  23. Lu Y, Fuertst T, Hui S, Genant HK. Standardization of bone mineral density at femoral neck, trochanter, and wards triangle. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:438–444
  24. Leslie WD, Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, et al. Application of the 1994 WHO classification to populations other than postmenopausal Caucasian women: the 2005 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2006;9:22–30

 Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no financial interests that could influence the design, analysis, or conclusions of this study.

PII: S1094-6950(10)00195-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2010.05.007

Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 13, Issue 4 , Pages 379-384 , October 2010

Article Tools