Postpartum Bone Status in Teenage Mothers Assessed Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

Abstract 

Teenage pregnancy occurs during a time when the maternal skeleton may still be accruing mineral. We hypothesized that teenage mothers would have reduced amounts of bone mineral and altered bone geometry compared with controls. This cross-sectional, observational compared teenage mothers (n=18) to age- and ethnicity–matched controls (n=52). The main outcomes were peripheral quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure bone geometry, bone mineral density (BMD) at radius, lumbar spine and hip, and whole body bone mineral content (WBBMC). In teenage mothers, cortical BMD was reduced at the radial diaphysis (mean difference: −1.3%; p=0.03). Size-adjusted WBBMC was reduced (mean difference: −4.0%; p=0.004) and was lower for a given amount of lean mass (mean difference: −5.8%; p=0.02). No other significant differences between groups were found. The recruitment and retention of participants to this study were extremely difficult and disappointing. Teenage mothers had lower BMD at cortical sites compared with age–matched controls. These data suggest that pregnancy might have a detrimental effect on teenage mothers' future skeletal health. The results of this study require confirmation and provide pilot data for further investigations.

Key Words: Bone mineral density (BMD), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), recruitment, teenage pregnancy