Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 511-517 , October 2008

Bone Mineral Density Alterations in Upper and Lower Extremities 12Months After Stroke Measured by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and DXA

  • Olga Lazoura

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, National Rehabilitation Centre, Athens, Greece
    • Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  • ,
  • Nikos Groumas

      Affiliations

    • Rehabilitation Unit, National Rehabilitation Centre, Athens, Greece
  • ,
  • Eleftheria Antoniadou

      Affiliations

    • Rehabilitation Unit, National Rehabilitation Centre, Athens, Greece
  • ,
  • Paraskevi J. Papadaki

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, National Rehabilitation Centre, Athens, Greece
  • ,
  • Alexandros Papadimitriou

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  • ,
  • Paschalis Thriskos

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  • ,
  • Ioannis Fezoulidis

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  • ,
  • Marianna Vlychou

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Marianna Vlychou, 43 Himaras Street 15669, Athens, Greece.

Received 16 January 2008 ,Revised 16 April 2008 ,Accepted 26 May 2008.

References 

  1. Myint PK, Poole KE, Warburton EA. Hip fractures after stroke and their prevention. Quart J Med. 2007;100:539–545
  2. Sato Y. Abnormal bone and calcium metabolism in patients after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:117–121
  3. Dennis MS, Lo KM, McDowall M, West T. Fractures after stroke: frequency, types, and associations. Stroke. 2002;33:728–734
  4. Sato Y, Fujimatsu Y, Honda Y, et al. Accelerated bone remodeling in patients with poststroke hemiplegia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998;7:58–62
  5. Whitson HE, Pieper CF, Sanders L, et al. Adding injury to insult: fracture risk after stroke in veterans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1082–1088
  6. Beaupre GS, Lew HL. Bone-density changes after stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;85:464–472
  7. Levendoglu F, Ugurlu H, Gurbilek M, et al. Increased bone resorption in the proximal femur in patients with hemiplegia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83:835–841
  8. Pang MY, Eng JJ, McKay HA, Dawson AS. Reduced hip bone mineral density is related to physical fitness and leg lean mass in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:1769–1779
  9. Prince RL, Price RI, Ho S. Forearm bone loss in hemiplegia: a model for the study of immobilization osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1988;3:305–310
  10. Sahin L, Ozoran K, Gunduz OH, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;80:592–596
  11. Demirbag D, Ozdemir F, Kokino S, Berkarda S. The relationship between bone mineral density and immobilization duration in hemiplegic limbs. Ann Nucl Med. 2005;19:695–700
  12. Ramnemark A, Nyberg L, Lorentzon R, et al. Progressive hemiosteoporosis on the paretic side and increased bone mineral density in the nonparetic arm the first year after severe stroke. Osteoporos Int. 1999;9:269–275
  13. Yavuzer G, Ataman S, Suldur N, Atay M. Bone mineral density in patients with stroke. Int J Rehabil Res. 2002;25:235–239
  14. Liu M, Tsuji T, Higuchi Y, et al. Osteoporosis in hemiplegic stroke patients as studied with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1219–1226
  15. Hamdy RC, Krishnaswamy G, Cancellaro V, et al. Changes in bone mineral content and density after stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;72:188–191
  16. Ashe MC, Fehling P, Eng JJ, et al. Bone geometric response to chronic disuse following stroke: a pQCT study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6:226–233
  17. Ashe MC, Khan KM, Kontulainen SA, et al. Accuracy of pQCT for evaluating the aged human radius: an ashing, histomorphometry and failure load investigation. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:1241–1251
  18. Ashe MC, Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, et al. Optimizing results from pQCT: reliability of operator-dependent pQCT variables in cadavers and humans with low bone mass. J Clin Densitom. 2005;8:335–340
  19. Lochmuller EM, Lill CA, Kuhn V, et al. Radius bone strength in bending, compression, and falling and its correlation with clinical densitometry at multiple sites. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17:1629–1638
  20. Bohannon RW, Andrews AW. Interrater reliability of hand-held dynamometry. Phys Ther. 1987;67:931–933
  21. Runge M, Rehfeld G, Schiessl H. Skeletal adaptations in hemiplegic patients. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004;4:191–196
  22. Jorgensen L, Jacobsen BK. Changes in muscle mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content in the legs after stroke: a 1 year prospective study. Bone. 2001;28:655–659
  23. Hamdy RC, Moore SW, Cancellaro VA, Harvill LM. Long-term effects of strokes on bone mass. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;74:351–356
  24. Watanabe Y. An assessment of osteoporosis in stroke patients on rehabilitation admission. Int J Rehabil Res. 2004;27:163–166
  25. Takamoto S, Masuyama T, Nakajima M, et al. Alterations of bone mineral density of the femurs in hemiplegia. Calcif Tissue Int. 1995;56:259–262
  26. Pang MY, Ashe MC, Eng JJ. Muscle weakness, spasticity and disuse contribute to demineralization and geometric changes in the radius following chronic stroke. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18:1243–1252
  27. Jorgensen L, Jacobsen BK, Wilsgaard T, Magnus JH. Walking after stroke: does it matter? Changes in bone mineral density within the first 12months after stroke. A longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:381–387
  28. Kanis J, Oden A, Johnell O. Acute and long-term increase in fracture risk after hospitalization for stroke. Stroke. 2001;32:702–706
  29. del Puente A, Pappone N, Mandes MG, et al. Determinants of bone mineral density in immobilization: a study on hemiplegic patients. Osteoporos Int. 1996;6:50–54
  30. Jorgensen L, Jacobsen BK. Functional status of the paretic arm affects the loss of bone mineral in the proximal humerus after stroke: a 1-year prospective study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001;68:11–15

PII: S1094-6950(08)00192-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2008.05.097

Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 511-517 , October 2008