Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 175-183 , April 2006

Trabecular Bone Status in Ultradistal Tibia Under Habitual Gait Loading: A pQCT Study in Postmenopausal Women

  • Yau-Ming Lai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
    • Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
  • ,
  • Ling Qin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Dr. Ling Qin, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
  • ,
  • Vivian Wing-Yin Hung

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • ,
  • Wing-Yee Choy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • ,
  • Suk-Tak Chan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
  • ,
  • Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
  • ,
  • Kai-Ming Chan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Received 19 September 2005 ,Revised 17 November 2005 ,Accepted 27 November 2005.

References 

  1. Chilibeck PD, Sale DG, Webber CE. Exercise and bone mineral density. Sports Med. 1995;19:103–122
  2. Marcus R. Exercise: moving in the right direction. J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13:1793–1796
  3. Skerry TM. Mechanical loading and bone: what sort of exercise is beneficial to the skeleton?. Bone. 1997;20:179–181
  4. Zernicke RF, Judex S. Adaptation of biological materials to exercise, disuse, and aging. In:  Nigg BM,  Herzog W editor. Biomechanics of the Musculo-Skeletal System. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 1999;p. 189–198
  5. Skedros JG, Mason MW, Nelson MC, Bloebaum RD. Evidence of structural and material adaptation to specific strain features in cortical bone. Anat Rec. 1996;246:47–63
  6. Takano Y, Turner CH, Owan I, et al. Elastic anisotropy and collagen orientation of osteonal bone are dependent on the mechanical strain distribution. J Orthop Res. 1999;17:59–66
  7. Lai YM, Qin L, Hung VWY, Chan KM. Regional differences in cortical bone mineral density differences in the weight-bearing long bone shaft- A pQCT study. Bone. 2005;36:465–471
  8. Genant HK, Lang TF, Engelke K, et al. Advances in the noninvasive assessment of bone density, quality, and structure. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996;59:10–15
  9. Hernandez ER, Revilla M, Seco-Durban C, Villa LF, Cortes J, Rico H. Heterogeneity of trabecular and cortical postmenopausal bone loss: a longitudinal study with pQCT. Bone. 1997;20:283–287
  10. Ruegsegger P. The use of peripherial QCT in the evaluation of bone remodelling. Endocrinologist. 1994;4:167–176
  11. Augat P, Fuerst T, Genant HK. Quantitative bone mineral assessment at the forearm: a review. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8:299–310
  12. Qin L, Au SK, Chan KM, et al. Peripheral volumetric bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women in Hong Kong. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000;67:29–36
  13. Hassager C, Jensen SB, Gotfredsen A, Christiansen C. The impact of measurement errors on the diagnostic value of bone mass measurements: theoretical considerations. Osteoporos Int. 1991;1:250–256
  14. Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Kannus P, Oja P, Vuori I. Effects of unilateral strength training and detraining on bone mineral mass and estimated mechanical characteristics of the upper limb bones in young women. J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11:490–501
  15. Haines C. Calcium intake, hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women. Hong Kong Med J. 1995;1:43–47
  16. Smith EL, Gilligan C, Smith PE, Sempos CT. Calcium supplementation and bone loss in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:833–842
  17. Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, Sadowski L, Sahyoun N, Tannenbaum S. A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:878–883
  18. Qin L, Au S, Choy W, et al. Regular Tai Chi Chuan exercise may retard bone loss in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1355–1359
  19. Hannan MT, Felson DT, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Risk factors for longitudinal bone loss in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:710–720
  20. Heinonen A, Kannus P, Sievanen H, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effect of high-impact exercise on selected risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. Lancet. 1996;348:1343–1347
  21. Kohrt WM, Ehsani AA, Birge SJ. Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint-reaction or ground-reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:1253–1261
  22. Hvid I, Rasmussen O, Jensen NC, Nielsen S. Trabecular bone strength profiles at the ankle joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res Oct. 1985;199:306–312
  23. Hayes WC, Bouxsein ML. Biomechanics of cortical and trabecular bone: implications for assessment of fracture risk. In:  Mow VC,  Hayes WC editor. Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics. NewYork: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;p. 69–111
  24. Perry J. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK; 1992;19–47
  25. Lanyon LE, Rubin CT. Static vs dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1984;17:897–905
  26. An YH. 2000 Mechanical properties of bone. In: An YH, Draughn RA, eds. Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 41–63.
  27. Currey JD. 2002 Bone: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 225–231.
  28. Wolff I, van Croonenborg JJ, Kemper HC, Kostense PJ, Twisk JW. The effect of exercise training programs on bone mass: a meta-analysis of published controlled trials in pre- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 1999;9:1–2
  29. Lanyon LE, Hampson WG, Goodship AE, Shah JS. Bone deformation recorded in vivo from strain gauges attached to the human tibial shaft. Acta Orthop Scand. 1975;46:256–268
  30. Aamodt A, Lund-Larsen J, Eine J, Andersen E, Benum P, Husby OS. In vivo measurements show tensile axial strain in the proximal lateral aspect of the human femur. J Orthop Res. 1997;15:927–931
  31. Qin L, Au SK, Leung PC, et al. Baseline BMD and bone loss at distal radius measured by pQCT in peri- and postmenopausal Hong Kong Chinese women. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13:962–970
  32. Kemmler W, Weineck J, Kalender WA, Engelke K. The effect of habitual physical activity, non-athletic exercise, muscle strength, and VO2max on bone mineral density is rather low in early postmenopausal osteopenic women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004;4:325–334
  33. Chan K, Qin L, Lau M, et al. A randomized, prospective study of the effects of Tai Chi Chun exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:717–722
  34. Hernandez CJ, Beaupre GS, Carter DR. A model of mechanobiologic and metabolic influences on bone adaptation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000;37:235–244
  35. Jacobs CR. The mechanobiology of cancellous bone structural adaptation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000;37:209–216
  36. Jee WS, Tian XY. The benefit of combining non-mechanical agents with mechanical loading: a perspective based on the Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005;5:110–118
  37. Turner CH, Robling AG. Designing exercise regimens to increase bone strength. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003;31:45–50
  38. Adami S, Gatti D, Braga V, Bianchini D, Rossini M. Site-specific effects of strength training on bone structure and geometry of ultradistal radius in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:120–124
  39. Kerr D, Morton A, Dick I, Prince R. Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load-dependent. J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11:218–225
  40. Smith EL, Gilligan C, McAdam M, Ensign CP, Smith PE. Deterring bone loss by exercise intervention in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1989;44:312–321
  41. Berard A, Bravo G, Gauthier P. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of physical activity for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7:331–337
  42. Li F, Harmer P, Fisher KJ, et al. Tai Chi and fall reductions in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:187–194
  43. Sattin RW, Easley KA, Wolf SL, Chen Y, Kutner MH. Reduction in fear of falling through intense tai chi exercise training in older, transitionally frail adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1168–1178
  44. Ito M, Nishida A, Kono J, Kono M, Uetani M, Hayashi K. Which bone densitometry and which skeletal site are clinically useful for monitoring bone mass?. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14:959–964
  45. Lau E, Donnan S, Barker DJ, Cooper C. Physical activity and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Hong Kong. BMJ. 1988;297:1441–1443
  46. Haines CJ, Chung TK, Leung PC, Leung DH, Wong MY, Lam LL. Dietary calcium intake in postmenopausal Chinese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994;48:591–594
  47. Whittemore R, Chase SK, Mandle CL, Roy SC. Lifestyle change in type 2 diabetes: a process model. Nurs Res. 2002;51:18–25
  48. Goldstein SA, Goulet R, McCubbrey D. Measurement and significance of three-dimensional architecture to the mechanical integrity of trabecular bone. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993;53:S127–S132discussion S132–123
  49. Turner CH, Hsieh YF, Muller R, et al. Variation in bone biomechanical properties, microstructure, and density in BXH recombinant inbred mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16:206–213
  50. Siu WS, Qin L, Cheung WH, Leung KS. A study of trabecular bones in ovariectomized goats with micro-computed tomography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone. 2004;35:21–26

PII: S1094-6950(06)00017-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2005.11.006

Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 175-183 , April 2006