Trabecular Bone Status in Ultradistal Tibia Under Habitual Gait Loading: A pQCT Study in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract 

This study investigated regional volumetric trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD) and bone area at the ultradistal tibia in Chinese women using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Fifty-six postmenopausal women aged 47–62 yr participated in BMD measurements at baseline and 22 of them were followed at both 1-yr and 3-yr follow-up scans. Regional baseline tBMD, rate of annual bone loss, and trabecular bone area were determined. Baseline measurements showed that the tBMD of both the posterior (252.9±63.4 mg/cm³) and medial (226.6±68.9 mg/cm³) regions was significantly higher than that of the anterior (126.3±61.9 mg/cm³) and lateral regions (149.8±50.6 mg/cm³), respectively (p<0.001). Both the 1-yr and 3-yr follow-up measurements showed that there was significant physiological annual tBMD loss on an average of 1.61%, at the four regions. Inter-slice regional tBMD and trabecular bone area measurements demonstrated a significant linear decrease from the distal to proximal aspects (p<0.001). Findings suggest that dynamic compressive loading during the heel strike and the body weight vector shifting toward the medial aspect during the stance phase in a normal gait might account for the regional tBMD differences. Increased tBMD and bone area toward the distal tibial endplate may adapt to withstand the axial impact loading. However, the low-impact weight-bearing nature of a normal gait may not be osteogenic to prevent regional bone loss. An exercise program specific to the women at risk should be contemplated.

Key Words: Bone loss, mechanical adaptation, postmenopausal women, trabecular bone mineral density